Page last updated on January 28, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves and increasing its manufacturing base. However, longserving septuagenarian President Islom KARIMOV, who rose through the ranks of the Soviet-era State Planning Committee (Gosplan), remains wedded to the concepts of a command economy, creating a challenging environment for foreign investment. Current concerns include post-KARIMOV succession, terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
41 00 N, 64 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Asia
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 447,400 sq km
country comparison to the world: 57
land: 425,400 sq km
water: 22,000 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 6,221 km
border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (doubly landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 9.61%
permanent crops: 0.8%
other: 89.58% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
41,980 sq km (2005)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
48.87 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 56 cu km/yr (7%/3%/90%)
per capita: 2,113 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Uzbekistani
adjective: Uzbekistani
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28,661,637 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 25.3% (male 3,718,802/female 3,539,436)
15-24 years: 21.1% (male 3,062,438/female 2,990,299)
25-54 years: 42.5% (male 6,043,922/female 6,128,173)
55-64 years: 6.4% (male 861,590/female 965,635)
65 years and over: 4.7% (male 576,908/female 774,434) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 49 %
youth dependency ratio: 42.6 %
elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 %
potential support ratio: 15.7 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 26.6 years
male: 26.1 years
female: 27.2 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.94% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17.2 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.29 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-2.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 36.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
TASHKENT (capital) 2.201 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23.8 (2006 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 127
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 20.51 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 91
male: 24.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 73.03 years
country comparison to the world: 125
male: 70 years
female: 76.25 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
64.9% (2006)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.4% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 123
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.54 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fewer than 500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.1% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 119
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.4% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 95
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4%
male: 99.6%
female: 99.2% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2011)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan
conventional short form: Uzbekistan
local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi
local short form: O'zbekiston
former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Tashkent (Toshkent)
geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992; amended several times, last in 2012 (2012)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil law system
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet; elected president of independent Uzbekistan in 1991)
head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term; previously was a five-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to seven years and changed back to five years in 2011); election last held on 23 December 2007 (next to be held in early 2015); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president
election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 88.1%, Asliddin RUSTAMOV 3.2%, Dilorom TOSHMUHAMEDOVA 2.9%, Akmal SAIDOV 2.6%, other 3.2%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an upper house or Senate (100 seats; 84 members elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms) and a lower house or Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik Palatasi) (150 seats; 135 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, while 15 spots reserved for the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan)
elections: last held on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, NDP 32, National Rebirth Party 31, Adolat 19
note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Islom KARIMOV
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 34 judges organized in civil, criminal, and military sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); Higher Economic Court (consists of 19 judges)
judge selection and term of office: judges of the 3 highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for 5-year terms subject to reappointment
subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIXONOV]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
there are no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups operating in Uzbekistan
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Baxtiyor GULOMOV (since 18 July 2013)
chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300
FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador George KROL (since 10 June 2011)
embassy: 3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [998] (71) 120-5450
FAX: [998] (71) 120-6335
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
khumo (mythical bird)
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan)
lyrics/music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV
note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; 11% of the land is intensely cultivated, in irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of the population lives in densely populated rural communities. Export of hydrocarbons, primarily natural gas, provided 18.5% of foreign exchange earnings in 2011 and 35.1% in the first nine months of 2012. Other major export earners include gold and cotton. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered around cotton, although production has dropped by 35% since 1991. Uzbekistan is now the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. The country is aggressively addressing international criticism for the use of child labor in its cotton harvest. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government still sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, its control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. According to official statistics, Uzbekistan has posted GDP growth of over 8% per year for several years, driven primarily by state-led investments and a favorable export environment. Growth may slip in 2013 as a result of lower export prices due to the continuing European recession. In the past Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani tax laws and have frozen their assets, with several new expropriations in 2012. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering attractive financing and tax advantages, and has landed a significant US investment in the automotive industry, including the opening of a powertrain manufacturing facility in Tashkent in November 2011. Uzbekistan has seen few effects from the global economic downturn, primarily due to its relative isolation from the global financial markets.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$103.8 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$50.42 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3,500 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 55.7%
government consumption: 16.6%
investment in fixed capital: 23.5%
investment in inventories: 4.9%
exports of goods and services: 28%
imports of goods and services: -30.8%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 18.9%
industry: 32.4%
services: 48.7% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16.73 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 25.9%
industry: 13.2%
services: 60.9% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
note: officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20% underemployed
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17% (2011 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 29.6% (2003)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
36.8 (2003)
country comparison to the world: 79
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $16.6 billion
expenditures: $16.52 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
32.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$5.994 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$8.31 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$7.244 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 109
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.807 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$14.38 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, food products, machinery, automobiles
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 21.2%, Kazakhstan 15.9%, Turkey 15.8%, Russia 14.7%, Bangladesh 9.5%, Kyrgyzstan 4% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$12.06 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Russia 20.7%, China 16.6%, South Korea 16.4%, Kazakhstan 12.5%, Germany 4.6%, Turkey 4.2%, Ukraine 4% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$16 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$7.342 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
52.53 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
44.51 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12.09 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.6 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
85.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
102,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
594 million bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 48
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
92,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
137,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,968 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
655.9 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
62.9 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
46.8 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
13.4 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 20
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
115.9 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.963 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 60
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.274 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 48
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas
domestic: the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are growing rapidly, with the subscriber base reaching 25 million in 2011
international: country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Afghanistan (2009)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
government controls media; 11 state-owned broadcasters - 7 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; about 15 privately owned radio broadcasters are affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government sponsored NGO for private broadcast media
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.uz
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
56,075 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 94
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.689 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 50
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
53 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 89
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 33
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 13
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 4 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 20
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
under 914 m:
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gas 10,401 km; oil 944 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 3,645 km
country comparison to the world: 48
broad gauge: 3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 86,496 km
country comparison to the world: 53
paved: 75,511 km
unpaved: 10,985 km (2000)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,100 km (2012)
country comparison to the world: 63
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
river port(s): Termiz (Amu Darya)
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Uzbek Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-year conscript service obligation; moving toward a professional military, but conscription will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 7,887,292
females age 16-49: 7,886,459 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 6,566,118
females age 16-49: 6,745,818 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 306,404
female: 295,456 (2010 est.)
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
IDPs: undetermined (government forcibly relocated an estimated 3,400 people from villages near the Tajikistan border in 2000-2001; no new data is available) (2012)
Trafficking in persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; adults and children are victims of government-organized forced labor during Uzbekistan's annual cotton harvest; some Uzbekistani adults are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Russia, and, to a much lesser extent, Ukraine in domestic service, agriculture, and the construction and oil industries; Uzbekistani women and children, lured with fraudulent job offers, are sex trafficked to countries in Central Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia; small numbers of Tajikistani and Kyrgyzstani victims have been identified in Uzbekistan
tier rating: Tier 3 - Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and because it is not deemed to be making significant efforts to do so, it was downgraded to Tier 3 after the maximum of two consecutive annual waivers; the government has identified an increased number of sex and transnational labor trafficking victims; for the first time a decree was implemented banning the forced labor of children under the age of 15 in the annual cotton harvest, but government-organized forced labor of adults and older children contines in the cotton and reportedly other sectors; Uzbekistan does not have a systematic process to proactively identify trafficking victims and refer them to protective services (2013)