Page last updated on January 28, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967 and maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. After years of political unrest and condemnation from international organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being re-welcomed into the international community. In January 2012, Togo assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8 00 N, 1 10 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 56,785 sq km
country comparison to the world: 126
land: 54,385 sq km
water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
56 km
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
territorial sea: 30 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 44.2%
permanent crops: 3.7%
other: 52.1% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
73 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.7 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 0.17 cu km/yr (63%/3%/34%)
per capita: 33.46 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7,154,237 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 40.8% (male 1,461,606/female 1,453,846)
15-24 years: 20% (male 712,388/female 715,702)
25-54 years: 31.9% (male 1,132,912/female 1,148,103)
55-64 years: 4.2% (male 140,800/female 157,769)
65 years and over: 3.2% (male 100,247/female 130,864) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 80.5 %
youth dependency ratio: 75.5 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5 %
potential support ratio: 20.1 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 19.5 years
male: 19.2 years
female: 19.7 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.73% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
34.9 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 38% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 3.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
LOME (capital) 1.593 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20 (1998 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 40
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 48.28 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 43
male: 55.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 41.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 63.62 years
country comparison to the world: 178
male: 61.07 years
female: 66.24 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.58 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.2% (2010)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 62
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.2% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
120,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7,700 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.3% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 169
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.5% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 32
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.6% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 91
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 60.4%
male: 74.1%
female: 48% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 12.9 years (2011)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 774,801
percentage: 47 % (2010 est.)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Togolese Republic
conventional short form: Togo
local long form: Republique Togolaise
local short form: none
former: French Togoland
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Lome
geographic coordinates: 6 07 N, 1 13 E
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992; amended 2002, last in 2005 (2005)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
customary law system
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005);
head of government: Prime Minister Kwesi Seleagodji AHOOMEY-ZUNU (since 23 July 2012)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 4 March 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.9%, Jean-Pierre FABRE 33.9%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 3%, other 2.2%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral National Assembly (91 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 25 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 62, CST 19, Rainbow Alliance 6, UFC 3, independents 1
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into the Criminal Chamber and the Administrative Chamber, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges including the court president)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic upon the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judge appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Court of Assizes (sessions court); appeals courts; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Limbiye Edawa Kadangha BARIKI (since 14 July 2009)
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert E. WHITEHEAD (since 3 May 2012)
embassy: 4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome
mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300
telephone: [228] 2261-5470
FAX: [228] 2261-5501
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner; the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country; the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people; green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence
note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers)
lyrics/music: Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH
note: adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
This small, sub-Saharan economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and Togo seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed over recent years. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a HIPC debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$6.87 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.766 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1,100 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 87.2%
government consumption: 9.8%
investment in fixed capital: 18.6%
investment in inventories: 0.6%
exports of goods and services: 40.3%
imports of goods and services: -56.5%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 28%
industry: 33.7%
services: 38.2% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.595 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 112
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 65%
industry: 5%
services: 30% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
32% (1989 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 27.1% (2006)
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $764.1 million
expenditures: $905.3 million (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.5% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.057 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.534 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.471 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-372.2 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$960.5 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
India 14.2%, Lebanon 10.6%, Burkina Faso 7.6%, Benin 7.5%, China 6.1%, Niger 5.8%, Netherlands 5.2%, Ghana 4.4% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.604 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 40.4%, Netherlands 7.9%, France 5.4%, UK 5.3% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$441.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$658.1 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
127.1 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 194
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
676.1 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
710 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
85,000 kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
78.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 193
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28,670 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9,773 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 198
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.445 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
225,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 127
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.518 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 124
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system
domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating
international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie (2010)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.tg
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,168 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 170
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
356,300 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 123
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 162
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m:
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 568 km
country comparison to the world: 110
narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 11,652 km
country comparison to the world: 129
paved: 2,447 km
unpaved: 9,205 km (2007)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 103
Merchant marine:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 61
country comparison to the world: 66
by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 21 (China 1, Lebanon 6, Romania 1, Syria 6, Turkey 4, UAE 1, US 1, Yemen 1) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
major seaport(s): Kpeme, Lome
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Togolese Army (l'Armee de Terre), Togolese Navy (Forces Naval Togolaises), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Togolaise, TAF), National Gendarmerie (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year service obligation (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,577,572
females age 16-49: 1,589,715 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,104,536
females age 16-49: 1,158,061 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 74,036
female: 73,515 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 175
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006, 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 17,371 (Ghana); 5,593 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2012)
IDPs: undetermined (2012)