Page last updated on January 30, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15 00 N, 30 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,861,484 sq km
country comparison to the world: 16
land: NA
water: NA
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 6,751 km
border countries: Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km
note: Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
853 km
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Red Sea 0 m
highest point: Jabal Marrah 3,071 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 6.76%
permanent crops: 0.07%
other: 93.17% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18,900 sq km (2010)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
64.5 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 27.59 cu km/yr (4%/1%/95%)
per capita: 683.4 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
dust storms and periodic persistent droughts
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
dominated by the Nile and its tributaries
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sudanese
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur
note: program of "Arabization" in process
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
34,847,910
country comparison to the world: 36
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 41.4% (male 7,337,924/female 7,104,702)
15-24 years: 20% (male 3,596,729/female 3,376,682)
25-54 years: 31.4% (male 5,316,659/female 5,639,494)
55-64 years: 3.8% (male 711,596/female 620,962)
65 years and over: 3.3% (male 629,312/female 513,850) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 79.9 %
youth dependency ratio: 74.1 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.8 %
potential support ratio: 17.1 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 18.9 years
male: 18.6 years
female: 19.1 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.83% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
30.84 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.09 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-4.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 33.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
KHARTOUM (capital) 5.021 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.24 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
730 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 9
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 54.23 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 35
male: 59.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 62.95 years
country comparison to the world: 185
male: 60.93 years
female: 65.07 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.05 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9% (2010)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.4% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 57
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.28 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
260,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 150
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
31.7% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 12
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 71.9%
male: 80.7%
female: 63.2%
note: pre-secession of South Sudan (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 4 years (2000)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan
conventional short form: Sudan
local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
local short form: As-Sudan
former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party the (NCP), which came to power by military coup in 1989; the CPA-mandated Government of National Unity, which since 2005 provided a percentage of leadership posts to the south Sudan-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), was disbanded following the secession of South Sudan.
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Khartoum
geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Kassala, Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Sharq Darfur (Eastern Darfur), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sinnar, Wasat Darfur (Central Darfur)
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
previous 1998; latest (interim) adopted 6 July 2005, effective 9 July 2005; note - in 2011, the Government of Sudan initiated a process for drafting a new constitution (2013)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Bakri Hassan SALEH, Second Vice President Hassabo Mohamed Abdul RAHMAN (both since 8 December 2013) note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Bakri Hassan SALEH, Second Vice President Hassabo Mohamed Abdul RAHMAN (both since 8 December 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: election on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 68.2%, Yasir ARMAN 21.7%, Abdullah Deng NHIAL 3.9%, others 6.2%
note: al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, SPLM 99, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 2, SPLM-DC 2, other 7, vacant 4; composition of National Assembly following South Sudan's independence - seats by party - NCP 317, SPLM 8, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 1, UP 1, UNP 1, UCLP 1, MB 1, independent 3, vacant 8
note: the mandate of the members from the south was terminated upon independence by the Republic of South Sudan effective 9 July 2011 and membership in Sudan's National Assembly was reduced to 354; it is unclear whether this total will be retained for the next election or whether the previous total of 450 will be reconstituted
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges; court includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary
judge selection and term of office: National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Service Commission, an independent body chaired by the chief justice of the republic and members including other judges and judicial and legal officials; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 7 years
subordinate courts: National Court of Appeals; other national courts (not specified in the 2005 Interim National Constitution as to national or local authority); township and rural (peoples') courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elhafiz Eisa Abdulla ADAM
chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 338-8565
FAX: [1] (202) 667-2406
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Joseph D. STAFFORD, III
embassy: Sharia Ali Abdul Latif Street, Khartoum
mailing address: P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum; APO AE 09829
telephone: [249] (187)-0-(22000)
FAX: [249] (183) 774-137
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
secretary bird
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan" (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land)
lyrics/music: Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN
note: adopted 1956; the song originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Sudan is an extremely poor country that has had to deal with social conflict, civil war, and the July 2011 secession of South Sudan - the region of the country that had been responsible for about three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil production. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since it began exporting oil in 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Following South Sudan''s secession, Sudan has struggled to maintain economic stability, because oil earnings now provide a far lower share of the country''s need for hard currency and for budget revenues. Sudan is attempting to generate new sources of revenues, such as from gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. Agricultural production continues to employ 80% of the work force. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan''s secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$85.42 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$59.68 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 214
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2,500 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 65.4%
government consumption: 11.4%
investment in fixed capital: 23.6%
investment in inventories: 0.9%
exports of goods and services: 18.8%
imports of goods and services: -20.1%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 27.7%
industry: 31.2%
services: 41.1% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-27.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 178
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.92 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 80%
industry: 7%
services: 13% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
46.5% (2009 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 26.7% (2009 est.)
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $3.95 billion
expenditures: $9.087 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-8.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
101.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
37.4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 222
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$7.927 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$12.83 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$11.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-5.282 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.368 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
UAE 63.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.2%, Ethiopia 5.3% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$8.123 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Macau 18.1%, India 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, Egypt 6.7%, UAE 5.2% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$192.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$39.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.193 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.665 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.083 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
30.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
66.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28,830 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
97,270 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.25 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 40
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
124,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
95,450 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14,950 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,349 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.24 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 76
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16.45 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
425,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 101
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27.659 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 38
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in operation (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.sd
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
99 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 210
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.2 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 56
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
74 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 70
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 58
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 28
under 914 m:
Heliports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6 (2013)
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 5,978 km
country comparison to the world: 30
narrow gauge: 4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 11,900 km
country comparison to the world: 128
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (2000)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 25
Merchant marine:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 2
country comparison to the world: 140
by type: cargo 2 (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
major seaport(s): Port Sudan
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Popular Defense Forces (2011)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation; a requirement that completion of national service was mandatory before entering public or private sector employment has been cancelled (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 10,433,973
females age 16-49: 10,411,443 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 6,475,530
females age 16-49: 6,840,885 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 532,030
female: 512,476 (2010 est.)
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
the effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-20th century have penetrated all of the neighboring states; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; as of 2006, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda provided shelter for over a half million Sudanese refugees, which include 240,000 Darfur residents driven from their homes by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military forces; as of January 2011, Sudan, in turn, hosted about 138,700 Eritreans, 43,000 Chadians, and smaller numbers of Ethiopians; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia proceed slowly due to civil and ethnic fighting in eastern Sudan; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 112,283 (Eritrea); 32,220 (Chad) (2012); 22,200 (South Sudan)
IDPs: at least 2.9 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border) (2013)