Page last updated on January 31, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
39 30 N, 8 00 W
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Europe
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 92,090 sq km
country comparison to the world: 111
land: 91,470 sq km
water: 620 sq km
note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,214 km
border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,793 km
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 11.88%
permanent crops: 7.71%
other: 80.41% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5,837 sq km (2007)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
68.7 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8.46 cu km/yr (12%/18%/69%)
per capita: 812 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Azores subject to severe earthquakes
volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% (2001 census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10,799,270 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 16% (male 900,758/female 827,219)
15-24 years: 11.4% (male 655,365/female 581,010)
25-54 years: 42.4% (male 2,303,445/female 2,270,380)
55-64 years: 11.8% (male 595,464/female 681,506)
65 years and over: 18.4% (male 811,005/female 1,173,118) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 50.5 %
youth dependency ratio: 22.2 %
elderly dependency ratio: 28.2 %
potential support ratio: 3.5 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 40.7 years
male: 38.6 years
female: 42.9 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.15% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.59 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.91 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 61% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
LISBON (capital) 2.808 million; Porto 1.344 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27.4 (2005 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 163
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 188
male: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 78.85 years
country comparison to the world: 49
male: 75.61 years
female: 82.32 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.51 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
86.8% (2005/06)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.4% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 21
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.76 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.6% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
42,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fewer than 500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
24% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 69
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.8% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 46
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.4%
male: 97%
female: 94% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 16 years (2010)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 36,569
percentage: 3 %
note: data represents children ages 6-14 (2001 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 37.6%
country comparison to the world: 17
male: 36.4%
female: 39.1% (2012)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form: Portugal
local long form: Republica Portuguesa
local short form: Portugal
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic; parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Lisbon
geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976; amended several times, last in 2005 (2013)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil law system; Constitutional Tribunal review of legislative acts
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO Mamede (since 21 June 2011)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections which must be held by October 2015, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 53%, Manuel ALEGRE 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE 14.1%, Francisco LOPES 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, Defensor MOURA 1.6%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held by October 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 7%, BE 5%, other 11%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 16, BE 8
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms
subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Auditoria do Tribunal); appellate, district, and municipal courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Armed Forces Officers' Association (AOFA) [Colonel Pereira CRACEL]
other: the media; labor unions
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIT, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO (since 10 February 2011)
chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 332-3007
FAX: [1] (202) 223-3926
consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (NJ), San Francisco
consulate(s): New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires John OLSON (since August 2013)
embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon
mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726
telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300
FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109
consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky)
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)
lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL
note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted 2.5% in 2009, before growing 1.4% in 2010, but GDP fell again in 2011 and 2012, as the government began implementing spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, agreed to in May 2011. GDP per capita stands at roughly two-thirds of the EU-27 average. Portugal also has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a destination for foreign direct investment, in part because its rigid labor market hindered greater productivity and growth. However, the government of Pedro PASSOS COELHO has enacted several measures to introduce more flexibility into the labor market, and, this, along with steps to reduce high levels of public debt, could make Portugal more attractive to foreign investors. The government reduced the budget deficit from 10.1% of GDP in 2009 to 4.5% in 2011, an achievement made possible only by the extraordinary revenues obtained from the one-time transfer of bank pension funds to the social security system. The budget deficit worsened in 2012 as a sharp reduction in domestic consumption took a bigger bite out of value-added tax revenues while rising unemployment benefits increased expenditures more than anticipated. Poor growth prospects over the next year have reinforced investors' concerns about the government's ability to achieve its budget deficit targets and regain full access to bond market financing when the EU-IMF financing program expires in 2013.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$244.3 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$209.6 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$23,000 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 65.6%
government consumption: 18.3%
investment in fixed capital: 16%
investment in inventories: 0.6%
exports of goods and services: 38.7%
imports of goods and services: -39.3%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 2.5%
industry: 22.1%
services: 75.4% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine and other foods; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-6.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.495 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 11.7%
industry: 28.5%
services: 59.8% (2009 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18% (2006)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
38.5 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 71
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $87.36 billion
expenditures: $101 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
41.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-6.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
123.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.8% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.5% (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 124
note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.37% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$88.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$298.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$433.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$61.69 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 46
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-3.365 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$58.24 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agricultural products, food products, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Spain 22.7%, Germany 12.4%, France 11.9%, Angola 6.5%, UK 5.3%, Netherlands 4.2% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$69.48 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-conductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Spain 32%, Germany 11.5%, France 6.7%, Italy 5.3%, Netherlands 4.9% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$22.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$508.3 billion (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 25
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$117.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$71.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
49.92 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
50.26 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.873 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.76 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18.92 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
49% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
24.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5,250 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
222,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA bbl (1 January 2013 es)
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
252,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
259,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
61,010 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
84,080 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.904 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.143 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.185 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 184
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
54.17 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.558 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 35
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12.312 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 70
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities
domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations
international: country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2010)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP),the publicly-owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.pt
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.748 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 28
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.168 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 45
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
64 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 76
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 43
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 8 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 21
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m:
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gas 1,344 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 3,319 km
country comparison to the world: 53
broad gauge: 2,700 km 1.668-m gauge (1,436 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 192 km 1.000-m gauge; 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 82,900 km
country comparison to the world: 58
paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways)
unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 96
Merchant marine:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 109
country comparison to the world: 50
by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7, liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9
foreign-owned: 81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4)
registered in other countries: 15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 2,566,264
females age 16-49: 2,458,297 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 2,103,080
females age 16-49: 2,018,004 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 62,208
female: 54,786 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.78% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 125
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
stateless persons: 553 (2012)