Page last updated on January 28, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10 00 N, 8 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 923,768 sq km
country comparison to the world: 32
land: 910,768 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly more than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
853 km
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 38.97%
permanent crops: 3.46%
other: 57.57% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2,932 sq km (2004)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
286.2 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 13.11 cu km/yr (31%/15%/54%)
per capita: 89.21 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
periodic droughts; flooding
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
174,507,539 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 43.8% (male 39,127,615/female 37,334,281)
15-24 years: 19.3% (male 17,201,067/female 16,451,357)
25-54 years: 30.1% (male 25,842,967/female 26,699,432)
55-64 years: 3.8% (male 3,016,896/female 3,603,048)
65 years and over: 3% (male 2,390,154/female 2,840,722) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 89 %
youth dependency ratio: 83.8 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 %
potential support ratio: 19.3 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 17.9 years
male: 17.4 years
female: 18.4 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.54% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
38.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 49.6% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 3.75% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Lagos 10.203 million; Kano 3.304 million; Ibadan 2.762 million; ABUJA (capital) 1.857 million; Kaduna 1.519 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.9 (2008 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
630 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 11
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 72.97 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 15
male: 77.98 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 67.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 52.46 years
country comparison to the world: 211
male: 49.35 years
female: 55.77 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.1% (2011)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.3% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 127
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.6% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.3 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
220,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
water contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.5% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 146
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
26.7% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 23
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.3%
male: 72.1%
female: 50.4% (2010 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2005)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 11,396,823
percentage: 29 % (2007 est.)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria
conventional short form: Nigeria
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
federal republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Abuja
geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 October 1960 (from the UK)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999; amended 2010 (2010)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president
head of government: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)
cabinet: Federal Executive Council
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)
election results: Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were held on 26 April 2011
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE (since 26 March 2010)
chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400
FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE (since 28 October 2013)
embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja
mailing address: P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja
telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000
FAX: [234] (9) 461-4171
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
eagle
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"
lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE
note: adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, but in 2008 began pursuing economic reforms. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for $12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. Since 2008 the government has begun to show the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernizing the banking system, removing subsidies, and resolving regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. GDP rose strongly in 2007-12 because of growth in non-oil sectors and robust global crude oil prices. President JONATHAN has established an economic team that includes experienced and reputable members and has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify economic growth, and improve fiscal management. Lack of infrastructure and slow implementation of reforms are key impediments to growth. The government is working toward developing stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. Nigeria's financial sector was hurt by the global financial and economic crises, but the Central Bank governor has taken measures to restructure and strengthen the sector to include imposing mandatory higher minimum capital requirements.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$444.3 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$266.6 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2,700 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 47.4%
government consumption: 11.8%
investment in fixed capital: 8.2%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 55.4%
imports of goods and services: -22.8%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 30.9%
industry: 43%
services: 26% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
51.53 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 70%
industry: 10%
services: 20% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23.9% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
70% (2010 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
43.7 (2003)
country comparison to the world: 47
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $22.35 billion
expenditures: $27.87 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16.79% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$44.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$80.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$93.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$39.27 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 51
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$20.35 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$95.68 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
US 16.8%, India 11.5%, Netherlands 8.6%, Spain 7.8%, Brazil 7.6%, UK 5.1%, Germany 4.9%, Japan 4.1%, France 4.1% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$53.36 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 18.3%, US 10.1%, India 5.5% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$46.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$13.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$76.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$7.444 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
nairas (NGN) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
24.87 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.38 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.9 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
67.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
32.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.524 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.341 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
37.2 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 10
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
101,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
271,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18,750 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
151,700 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
31.36 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.03 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
25.96 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.153 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 9
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
75.96 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
418,200 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 102
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
112.78 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 10
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem
domestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons
international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.ng
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,234 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 169
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
43.989 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 9
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
54 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 87
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 40
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 3 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 14
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m:
Heliports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5 (2013)
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
condensate 124 km; gas 4,045 km; liquid petroleum gas 164 km; oil 4,441 km; refined products 3,940 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 3,505 km
country comparison to the world: 50
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 193,200 km
country comparison to the world: 27
paved: 28,980 km
unpaved: 164,220 km (2004)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 15
Merchant marine:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 89
country comparison to the world: 54
by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 3 (India 1, UK 2)
registered in other countries: 33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos
Transportation - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in 2012, 27 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 10 attacks in 2011; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 37,087,711
females age 16-49: 35,232,127 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 20,839,976
females age 16-49: 19,867,683 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 1,767,428
female: 1,687,719 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.89% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 316
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 5,299 (Liberia) (2011)
IDPs: undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; competition for resources; displacement is mostly short-term) (2012)