Page last updated on January 28, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was elected to a second term in 2007 elections that were widely judged to be free and fair. Malian returnees from Libya in 2011 exacerbated tensions in northern Mali, and Tuareg ethnic militias started a rebellion in January 2012. Low- and mid-level soldiers, frustrated with the poor handling of the rebellion overthrew TOURE on 22 March. Intensive mediation efforts led by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) returned power to a civilian administration in April with the appointment of interim President Dioncounda TRAORE. The post-coup chaos led to rebels expelling the Malian military from the three northern regions of the country and allowed Islamic militants to set up strongholds. Hundreds of thousands of northern Malians fled the violence to southern Mali and neighboring countries, exacerbating regional food insecurity in host communities. A military intervention to retake the three northern regions began in January 2013 and within a month most of the north had been retaken. In a democratic presidential election conducted in July and August of 2013, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA was elected president.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17 00 N, 4 00 W
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,240,192 sq km
country comparison to the world: 24
land: 1,220,190 sq km
water: 20,002 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Senegal River 23 m
highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 5.53%
permanent crops: 0.1%
other: 94.37% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2,358 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
100 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)
per capita: 545.4 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Malian(s)
adjective: Malian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peul/foulfoulbe 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, unspecified 0.6%, other 8.5%
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Muslim 94.8%, Christian 2.4%, Animist 2%, none 0.5%, unspecified 0.3% (2009 Census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15,968,882 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 47.7% (male 3,824,877/female 3,794,196)
15-24 years: 19% (male 1,439,032/female 1,587,072)
25-54 years: 26.6% (male 1,980,766/female 2,270,676)
55-64 years: 3.7% (male 297,365/female 295,495)
65 years and over: 3% (male 240,681/female 238,722) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 100.7 %
youth dependency ratio: 95.1 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.6 %
potential support ratio: 17.9 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 16 years
male: 15.4 years
female: 16.6 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.01% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
46.06 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
13.55 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-2.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 34.9% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 4.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
BAMAKO (capital) 1.628 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18.6 (2006 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
540 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 17
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 106.49 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 2
male: 113.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 99.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 54.55 years
country comparison to the world: 204
male: 52.75 years
female: 56.41 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.2% (2006)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.8% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 88
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
76,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,400 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.3% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 166
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27.9% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 22
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.8% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 82
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 33.4%
male: 43.1%
female: 24.6% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8 years
male: 8 years
female: 7 years (2011)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 1,485,027
percentage: 36 % (2010 est.)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Republic of Mali
conventional short form: Mali
local long form: Republique de Mali
local short form: Mali
former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Bamako
geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou (Timbuktu)
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
22 September 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest drafted August 1991, approved by referendum 12 January 1992, effective 25 February 1992; amended 1999; note - suspended briefly in 2012 (2011)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (since 4 September 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Oumar Tatum LY (since 5 September 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); the election scheduled for 29 April 2012 and delayed following the March 2012 coup took place 28 July 2013 and a runoff election was held on 11 August 2013; prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE 22.4%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held in two rounds on 24 November 2013 and on 15 December 2013 (next to be held in 2017); note the scheduled July 2012 election was cancelled due to a coup d'etat and the Tuareg Rebellion
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FDR coalition 64 (RPM 61, PARENA 3), ADP coalition 42 (ADEMA 20, URD 18, CNID 4), FARE 5, CODEM 5, SADI 4, ASMA-CFP 4, Yelema 2, independents 16
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 members organized into 3 civil chambers and a criminal chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms
subordinate courts: High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office)
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
other: the army; Islamic authorities; state-run cotton company CMDT
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Al Maamoun Baba Lamine KEITA (since 8 January 2013)
chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950
FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since 7 November 2011)
embassy: located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district
mailing address: ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako
telephone: [223] 2070-2300
FAX: [223] 2070-2479
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red
note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Senegal (which has an additional green central star) and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Le Mali" (Mali)
lyrics/music: Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO
note: adopted 1962; the anthem is also known as "Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali" (For Africa and for You, Mali) and "A ton appel Mali" (At Your Call, Mali)
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country highly dependent on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government in 2011 completed an IMF extended credit facility program that has helped the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali is developing its cotton and iron ore extraction industries to diversify foreign exchange revenue away from gold. Mali has invested in tourism but security issues are hurting the industry. Mali experienced economic growth of about 5% per year between 1996-2010, but the global recession and a military coup caused a decline in output in 2012. The interim government slashed public spending in the context of a declining state of security and declining international aid.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$17.79 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$10.18 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-1.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1,100 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 214
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 66.3%
government consumption: 12.6%
investment in fixed capital: 27.8%
investment in inventories: 0.6%
exports of goods and services: 26.5%
imports of goods and services: -33.8%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 38.7%
industry: 23.9%
services: 37.4% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.241 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 80%
industry and services: 20% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
30% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
36.1% (2005 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 25.8% (2010 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
40.1 (2001)
country comparison to the world: 59
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $1.821 billion
expenditures: $1.948 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 178
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-1.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.3% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.583 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.401 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.102 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-737.5 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.756 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cotton, gold, livestock
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 52.9%, Malaysia 11%, Indonesia 5.3%, India 4.1% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.794 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
France 11.2%, Senegal 9.9%, Cote dIvoire 8.7%, China 8.6% (2012)
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.041 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.545 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$848.2 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
520 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
483.6 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
304,000 kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
48.4% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
51.6% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 163
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,994 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,698 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 170
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
742,300 Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
112,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 142
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.613 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 59
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas
domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to about 70 per 100 persons
international: country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.ml
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
437 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 186
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
249,800 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 135
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
25 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 129
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 17
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m:
Heliports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2 (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 593 km
country comparison to the world: 109
narrow gauge: 593 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 22,474 km
country comparison to the world: 102
paved: 5,522 km
unpaved: 16,952 km (2009)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,800 km (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 44
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
river port(s): Koulikoro (Niger)
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Malian Armed Forces: Army (Armee de Terre), Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (Garde National du Mali) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 2,848,412
females age 16-49: 2,981,106 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,825,779
females age 16-49: 1,968,563 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 158,031
female: 159,733 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.44% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 189
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 12,904 (Mauritania) (2012)
IDPs: 218,000 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2014)