Page last updated on January 28, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV overwhelmingly won the presidential election in the summer of 2005. Over the next few years, he manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for the presidency. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual fleeing to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011, marking the first peaceful transfer of presidential power in independent Kyrgyzstan's history. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, and terrorism.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
41 00 N, 75 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Asia
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 199,951 sq km
country comparison to the world: 87
land: 191,801 sq km
water: 8,150 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly smaller than South Dakota
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 3,051 km
border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,224 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 6.38%
permanent crops: 0.37%
other: 93.24%
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural-growth walnut forest (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10,210 sq km (2005)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23.62 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8.01 cu km/yr (3%/4%/93%)
per capita: 1,558 cu m/yr (2006)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
adjective: Kyrgyzstani
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uighur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Kyrgyz (official) 64.7%, Uzbek 13.6%, Russian (official) 12.5%, Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5,548,042 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 29.7% (male 842,511/female 805,295)
15-24 years: 19.4% (male 547,456/female 530,702)
25-54 years: 39.2% (male 1,063,702/female 1,111,423)
55-64 years: 6.8% (male 162,851/female 213,254)
65 years and over: 4.9% (male 104,129/female 166,719) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 52.7 %
youth dependency ratio: 46.4 %
elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 %
potential support ratio: 15.7 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 25.4 years
male: 24.5 years
female: 26.4 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.97% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23.67 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 35.3% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.31% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
BISHKEK (capital) 854,000 (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23.6 (2010 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
71 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 87
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 29.73 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 68
male: 34.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 69.75 years
country comparison to the world: 154
male: 65.58 years
female: 74.21 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
47.8% (2005/06)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.2% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 102
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.47 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.8 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.3% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9,800 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fewer than 500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.5% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 118
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.7% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 112
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.8% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 47
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.2%
male: 99.5%
female: 99% (2009 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2011)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 563,920
percentage: 40.3 %
note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 14.6%
country comparison to the world: 86
male: 13.6%
female: 16.2% (2006)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic
conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form: Kyrgyzstan
former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Bishkek
geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol)
note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
previous 1993; latest adopted 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010 (2010)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011)
head of government: Prime Minister Jantoro SATYBALDIEV (since 5 September 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister - Joomart OTORBAEV (since 5 September 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers - Tayyrbek SARPASHEV and Kamila TALIEVA (since 5 September 2012), Tokon MAMYTOV (since 19 June 2013)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; ministers in charge of defense and security are appointed solely by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for one six-year term; election last held on 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister nominated by the parliamentary party holding more than 50% of the seats; if no such party exists, the president selects the party that will form a coalition majority and government
election results: Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president; percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV 14.3%, other 7.8%; Jantoro SATYBALDIEV elected prime minister; parliamentary vote - 111-2
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 10 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: Supreme Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ata-Jurt 28, SDPK 26, Ar-Namys 25, Respublika 23, Ata-Meken 18
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts
subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Mukhtar JUMALIEV (since 7 December 2010)
chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822
FAX: [1] (202) 386-7550
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela L. SPRATLEN (since 15 April 2011)
embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217
FAX: [996] (312) 551-264
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gyrfalcon
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)
lyrics/music: Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV
note: adopted 1992
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a dominant agricultural sector. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and electricity. The economy depends heavily on gold exports - mainly from output at the Kumtor gold mine - and on remittances from Kyrgyzstani migrant workers primarily in Russia. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan was progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995, production began to recover and exports began to increase. In 2005, the BAKIEV government and international financial institutions initiated a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. The government made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit, nearly closing the gap between revenues and expenditures in 2006, before boosting expenditures more than 20% in 2007-08. GDP grew about 8% annually in 2007-08, partly due to higher gold prices internationally, but slowed to 2.9% in 2009. The overthrow of President BAKIEV in April 2010 and subsequent ethnic clashes left hundreds dead and damaged infrastructure. Shrinking trade and agricultural production, as well as the political instability caused by the change in government, caused GDP to contract 0.5% in 2010. The fiscal deficit widened to 11% of GDP in 2010, reflecting significant increases in crisis-related spending, including both rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and bank recapitalization. The economy grew 5.7% in 2011, but slowed to around 1% in 2012, primarily due to an 83% decrease in production from Kumtor. As a result, the budget deficit increased at year's end. Progress in fighting corruption, improving transparency in licensing, business permits and taxations, restructuring domestic industry, and attracting foreign aid and investment are key to future growth.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$13.14 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$6.385 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2,400 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 88%
government consumption: 17.6%
investment in fixed capital: 25.5%
investment in inventories: -0.2%
exports of goods and services: 53.6%
imports of goods and services: -84.4%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 21.3%
industry: 32.6%
services: 46.1% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.344 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 115
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 48%
industry: 12.5%
services: 39.5% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.6% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
33.7% (2011 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.8% (2009 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
33.4 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 96
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $1.9 billion
expenditures: $2.281 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
29.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
13.73% (22 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28.43% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.372 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.952 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$932.5 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$165 million (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 115
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-1.497 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.921 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat, tobacco; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Kazakhstan 26.2%, Uzbekistan 26.1%, Russia 14.6%, China 7%, UAE 6.1%, Afghanistan 5.2% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$4.967 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 55.2%, Russia 17.4%, Kazakhstan 7.9% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.066 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.746 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.685 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$39.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
soms (KGS) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.9 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.326 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.62 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.64 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
79.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
40 million bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 80
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2,433 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
35,040 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10 million cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
462.5 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA (2011 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
390 million cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 91
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.793 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
489,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 98
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.8 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 94
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded; loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links
domestic: fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership was about 115 per 100 persons in 2011
international: country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.kg
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
115,573 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 81
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.195 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 74
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 122
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 18
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
under 914 m: 3 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m:
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gas 480 km; oil 16 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 470 km
country comparison to the world: 112
broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 34,000 km (2007)
country comparison to the world: 94
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
600 km (2010)
country comparison to the world: 79
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lake port(s): Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)(Lake Ysyk-Kol)
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; service obligation - 1 year, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,456,881
females age 16-49: 1,470,317 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,119,224
females age 16-49: 1,257,263 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 56,606
female: 54,056 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 38
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
IDPs: 172,000 (June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority) (2012)
stateless persons: 15,473 (2012); note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgystan, have lived there many years, or are married to a Kyrgyz citizen; in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones; stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits