Page last updated on January 28, 2014
The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted "Guided Democracy." After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1988, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his "New Order" government. After rioting toppled Suharto in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement.
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
total: 1,904,569 sq km
country comparison to the world: 15
land: 1,811,569 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
slightly less than three times the size of Texas
total: 2,830 km
border countries: Timor-Leste 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Puncak Jaya 4,884 m
petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
arable land: 12.34%
permanent crops: 10.5%
other: 77.16% (2011)
total: 113.3 cu km/yr (11%/19%/71%)
per capita: 517.3 cu m/yr (2005)
occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires
volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (elev. 2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora
deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9% (2000 census)
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)
Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4% (2000 census)
251,160,124 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
0-14 years: 26.6% (male 34,049,541/female 32,844,509)
15-24 years: 17.1% (male 21,883,499/female 21,117,498)
25-54 years: 42.2% (male 53,766,202/female 52,325,932)
55-64 years: 7.6% (male 8,879,503/female 10,164,470)
65 years and over: 6.4% (male 7,038,904/female 9,090,066) (2013 est.)
total dependency ratio: 51.8 %
youth dependency ratio: 43.8 %
elderly dependency ratio: 7.9 %
potential support ratio: 12.6 (2013)
total: 28.9 years
male: 28.4 years
female: 29.5 years (2013 est.)
0.99% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
17.38 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
6.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
-1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
urban population: 50.7% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 2.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
JAKARTA (capital) 9.121 million; Surabaya 2.509 million; Bandung 2.412 million; Medan 2.131 million; Semarang 1.296 million (2009)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
22.8
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)
220 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 52
total: 26.06 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 72
male: 30.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
total population: 71.9 years
country comparison to the world: 138
male: 69.33 years
female: 74.59 years (2013 est.)
2.2 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
2.7% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 181
0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
0.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)
0.2% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
310,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
8,300 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
4.8% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 160
19.6% (2007)
country comparison to the world: 36
3% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 141
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.8%
male: 95.6%
female: 90.1% (2011 est.)
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2011)
total number: 4,026,285
percentage: 7 %
note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2009 est.)
total: 22.2%
country comparison to the world: 52
male: 21.6%
female: 23% (2009)
conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form: Indonesia
local long form: Republik Indonesia
local short form: Indonesia
former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies
name: Jakarta
geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Indonesia is divided into three time zones
31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**
note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
17 August 1945 (declared)
Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
drafted July to August 1945, effective 17 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions, 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959; amended several times, last in 2002 (2013)
civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
chief of state: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president and vice president elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry; presidential election last held on 8 July 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
election results: Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president; percent of vote - Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO 60.8%, MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri 26.8%, Jusuf KALLA 12.4%
People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) is the upper house; it consists of members of the DPR and DPD and has role in inaugurating and impeaching the president and in amending the constitution but does not formulate national policy; House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (560 seats, members elected to serve five-year terms), formulates and passes legislation at the national level; House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions (132 members, four from each of Indonesia's origianal 30 provinces, two special regions, and one special capital city district)
elections: last held on 9 April 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
election results: percent of vote by party - PD 20.9%, GOLKAR 14.5%, PDI-P 14.0%, PKS 7.9%, PAN 6.0%, PPP 5.3%, PKB 4.9%, GERINDRA 4.5%, HANURA 3.8%, others 18.2%; seats by party - PD 148, GOLKAR 107, PDI-P 94, PKS 57, PAN 46, PPP 37, PKB 28, GERINDRA 26, HANURA 17
note: 29 other parties received less than 2.5% of the vote so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement age; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
subordinate courts: High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts
Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO]
Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence or KontraS
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Budi BOWOLEKSONO (nominated)
chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200
FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Robert O. BLAKE (since 21 November 2013); Charge d'Affaires Kristen F. BAUER (since 18 July 2013)
embassy: Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110
mailing address: Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520
telephone: [62] (21) 3435-9000
FAX: [62] (21) 386-2259
consulate general: Surabaya
presence post: Medan
consular agency: Bali
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity
note: similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red
name: "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia)
lyrics/music: Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN
note: adopted 1945
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, grew more than 6% annually in 2010-12. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth in 2009. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%, a fiscal deficit below 3%, and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government in 2013 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia''s insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, labor unrest over wages, and reducing its fuel subsidy program in the face of high oil prices.
$1.204 trillion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
$866.7 billion (2012 est.)
6.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
$4,900 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
32.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
household consumption: 54.6%
government consumption: 8.9%
investment in fixed capital: 33.2%
investment in inventories: 2.2%
exports of goods and services: 24.3%
imports of goods and services: -25.8%
agriculture: 14.4%
industry: 47%
services: 38.6% (2012 est.)
rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instuments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism
5.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
118.1 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
agriculture: 38.9%
industry: 22.2%
services: 47.9% (2012 est.)
6.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 29.9% (2009)
36.8 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 80
revenues: $144.3 billion
expenditures: $162.8 billion (2012 est.)
16.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 185
-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
23% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
4.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
6.37% (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 56
note: this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010
11.8% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
note: these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans
$87.04 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
$355.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
$350 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
$426.8 billion (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 24
$-24.07 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
$187.3 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Japan 15.9%, China 11.4%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 7.9%, US 7.8%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.9% (2012)
$178.7 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
China 15.3%, Singapore 13.6%, Japan 11.9%, Malaysia 6.4%, South Korea 6.2%, US 6.1%, Thailand 6% (2012)
$112.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
$224.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
$192.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
$14.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -
173.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
158 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210
2.542 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
39.9 million kW (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
87% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
9.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
3.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
974,300 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
338,100 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
388,400 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
4.03 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 27
935,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
1.322 million bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
142,400 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
473,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
76.25 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
39.56 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
38.67 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207
3.069 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 13
426.8 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
37.983 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 8
281.96 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 4
general assessment: domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good
domestic: coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly
international: country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)
mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2008)
1.344 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 42
20 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 22
673 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 10
total: 186
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 21
1,524 to 2,437 m: 51
914 to 1,523 m: 72
under 914 m: 37 (2013)
total: 487
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m:
condensate 1,064 km; condensate/gas 150 km; gas 11,702 km; liquid petroleum gas 119 km; oil 7,767 km; oil/gas/water 77 km; refined products 728 km; unknown 53 km; water 44 km (2013)
total: 5,042 km
country comparison to the world: 35
narrow gauge: 5,042 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2008)
total: 496,607 km
country comparison to the world: 13
paved: 283,102 km
unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
21,579 km (2011)
country comparison to the world: 7
total: 1,340
country comparison to the world: 8
by type: bulk carrier 105, cargo 618, chemical tanker 69, container 120, liquefied gas 28, passenger 49, passenger/cargo 77, petroleum tanker 244, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 12, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 11
foreign-owned: 69 (China 1, France 1, Greece 1, Japan 8, Jordan 1, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Singapore 46, South Korea 2, Taiwan 1, UK 2, US 2)
registered in other countries: 95 (Bahamas 2, Cambodia 2, China 2, Hong Kong 10, Liberia 4, Marshall Islands 1, Mongolia 2, Panama 10, Singapore 60, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2010)
major seaport(s): Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok
container port(s) (TEUs): Tanjung Priok (5,617,562)
the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; attacks have increased yearly since 2009; in 2012, 73 commercial vessels were boarded and 47 crew members taken hostage; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift
Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL); includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2013)
18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2012)
males age 16-49: 65,847,171
females age 16-49: 63,228,017 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 54,264,299
females age 16-49: 53,274,361 (2010 est.)
male: 2,263,892
female: 2,191,267 (2010 est.)
0.78% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 350
Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; many refugees from Timor-Leste who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary
IDPs: 180,000 (government offensives against rebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi Provinces, and Maluku) (2011)
