Page last updated on January 31, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later. In 2011, Hungary assumed the six-month rotating presidency of the EU for the first time.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
47 00 N, 20 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Europe
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 93,028 sq km
country comparison to the world: 110
land: 89,608 sq km
water: 3,420 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 2,185 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia 166 km, Slovakia 676 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 47.24%
permanent crops: 1.97%
other: 50.79% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,409 sq km (2007)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
104 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 5.58 cu km/yr (12%/83%/5%)
per capita: 555.9 cu m/yr (2007)
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census)
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9,939,470 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 14.8% (male 760,253/female 714,868)
15-24 years: 11.9% (male 608,369/female 574,013)
25-54 years: 41.6% (male 2,074,975/female 2,063,952)
55-64 years: 14.2% (male 645,529/female 762,489)
65 years and over: 17.5% (male 646,244/female 1,088,778) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 46.8 %
youth dependency ratio: 21.5 %
elderly dependency ratio: 25.3 %
potential support ratio: 4 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 40.8 years
male: 38.6 years
female: 43.2 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.2% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.37 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12.71 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 69.5% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 0.51% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
BUDAPEST (capital) 1.705 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28.2 (2010 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 136
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 179
male: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 75.24 years
country comparison to the world: 95
male: 71.5 years
female: 79.19 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.41 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
80.6%
note: percent of women aged 18-41 (1992/93)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.7% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 72
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.41 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fewer than 200 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: intermediate
vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27.6% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 37
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.1% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 67
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99.2%
female: 98.9% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2011)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 28.1%
country comparison to the world: 33
male: 28.8%
female: 27.3% (2012)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Hungary
local long form: none
local short form: Magyarorszag
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Budapest
geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
urban counties: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August; note - commemorates the date when his remains were transferred to Buda (now Budapest)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012; amended several times, last in 2013 (2013)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil legal system influenced by the German model
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age, 16 if married; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: Janos ADER (since 10 May 2012)
head of government: Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; other ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed and relieved of their duties by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 May 2012 (next to be held by May 2017); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 May 2010
election results: Janos ADER elected president, National Assembly vote - 262 to 40; Viktor ORBAN elected prime minister, National Assembly vote - 261 to 107
note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first round or a simple majority in the second round
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms; note - spring 2014 elections will see a reduction to 199 seats, 106 single-round, single-member district vote, 93 from nationwide party list vote)
elections: last held on 11 and 25 April 2010 (next to be held in spring 2014)
election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz-KNDP 52.7%, MSZP 19.3%, Jobbik 16.7%, LMP 7.5%, other 3.8%; seats by party - Fidesz-KNDP 263, MSZP 59, Jobbik 47, LMP 16, independent 1
note: composition as of mid-April 2013 - seats by party - Fidesz 226, MSZP 48, Jobbik 43, KNDP 37, Democratic Coalition 10, Dialog for Hungary 8, LMP 7, independent 7
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of Curia president and 8 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 members)
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected from among its members for 9 years by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Council of Justice, a separate 15-member administrative body; all judges serve until the normal retirement age; Constitutional Court members elected by two-thirds vote of the National Assembly; members serve 12-year terms
subordinate courts: regional courts of appeal; county courts, including the Municipal Court of Budapest; local courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Air Work Group (works to reduce air pollution in towns and cities)
environmentalists:
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Gyorgy SZAPARY (since 31 January 2011)
chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires M. Andre GOODFRIEND (since August 2013)
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
mailing address: pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400
FAX: [36] (1) 475-4764
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for the pasturelands that make up so much of the country
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen); turul (falcon)
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Himnusz" (Hymn)
lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
note: adopted 1844
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income nearly two-thirds that of the EU-27 average. The private sector accounts for more than 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment worth more than $70 billion. In late 2008, Hungary's impending inability to service its short-term debt - brought on by the global financial crisis - led Budapest to obtain an IMF/EU/World Bank-arranged financial assistance package worth over $25 billion. The global economic downturn, declining exports, and low domestic consumption and fixed asset accumulation, dampened by government austerity measures, resulted in an economic contraction of 6.8% in 2009. In 2010 the new government implemented a number of changes including cutting business and personal income taxes, but imposed "crisis taxes" on financial institutions, energy and telecom companies, and retailers. The IMF/EU bail-out program lapsed at the end of the year and was replaced by Post Program Monitoring and Article IV Consultations on overall economic and fiscal processes. The economy began to recover in 2010 with a big boost from exports, especially to Germany, and achieved growth of approximately 1.7% in 2011. At the end of 2011 the government turned to the IMF and the EU to obtain financial backstop to support its efforts to refinance foreign currency debt and bond obligations in 2012 and beyond, but Budapest's rejection of EU and IMF economic policy recommendations led to a breakdown in talks with the lenders in late 2012. Since joining the EU in 2004, Hungary has been subject to the European Commission's Excessive Deficit Procedure; Brussels has requested that the government outline measures to sustainably reduce the budget deficit to under 3% of GDP. Ongoing economic weakness in Western Europe as well as lack of domestic investment and demand caused a GDP to fall 1.7% in 2012. Unemployment remained high, at more than 11%.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$193.6 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$124 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-1.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$19,500 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
19.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 54.3%
government consumption: 20.3%
investment in fixed capital: 17.2%
investment in inventories: 0.4%
exports of goods and services: 94.8%
imports of goods and services: -87%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 3.3%
industry: 27.6%
services: 69.1% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-1.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.257 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 7.1%
industry: 29.7%
services: 63.2% (2011 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14% (2012)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 22.6% (2009)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
24.7 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 133
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $58.02 billion
expenditures: $60.68 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
46.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-2.1% of GDP
country comparison to the world: 86
note: Hungary has been under the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure since it joined the EU in 2004; in March 2012 the EU elevated its Excessive Deficit Procedure against Hungary and proposed freezing 30% of the country's Cohesion Funds because 2011 deficit reductions were not achieved in a sustainable manner; in June 2012, the EU lifted the freeze, reognizing that steps had been taken to reduce the deficit; the latest EC forecasts project the Hungarian deficit to increase above 3% both in 2013 and in 2014 due to sluggish growth and the government's fiscal tightening (2012 est.)
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
79.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and government, state government, local government, and social security funds.
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.75% (19 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 41
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.02% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$33.03 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$74.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$87.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$22.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.087 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$90.23 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
machinery and equipment 53.5%, other manufactures 31.2%, food products 8.7%, raw materials 3.4%, fuels and electricity 3.9% (2012)
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Germany 25.6%, Romania 6.2%, Slovakia 6.1%, Austria 6%, Italy 4.8%, France 4.8%, UK 4.2% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$87.37 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
machinery and equipment 45.4%, other manufactures 34.3%, fuels and electricity 12.6%, food products 5.3%, raw materials 2.5% (2012)
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Germany 25.1%, Russia 8.8%, China 7.4%, Austria 7.1%, Slovakia 5.6%, Poland 4.8%, Italy 4.5%, Netherlands 4.2% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$44.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$169.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$107 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$41.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
forints (HUF) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
34.28 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
36.13 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
16.97 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.9 million kW (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
72% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27,990 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
114,800 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
27.32 million bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 83
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
177,500 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
141,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
59,110 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
171,600 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.462 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.9 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.837 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.18 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.098 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 85
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
49.56 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.96 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 51
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.58 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 72
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized; the system is digital and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996
domestic: competition among mobile-cellular service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile-cellular phones since 2000 and a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections
international: country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast media and private broadcasters; the 3 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV services with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing their services; 3 state-supported public-service radio networks and 2 major national commercial stations; a large number of local stations including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition postponed to the end of 2014 (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.hu
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.145 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 33
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.176 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 41
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
41 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 104
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 20
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 21
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m:
Heliports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3 (2013)
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gas 19,028 km; oil 1,007 km; refined products 842 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8,057 km
country comparison to the world: 26
broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 7,802 km 1.435-m gauge (2,911 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2009)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 199,567 km
country comparison to the world: 25
paved: 76,075 km (includes 1,477 km of expressways)
unpaved: 123,492 km (2010)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 48
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Hungarian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Legiero, ML) (2011)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 6-month service obligation (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 2,349,948
females age 16-49: 2,290,568 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,902,639
females age 16-49: 1,897,378 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 59,237
female: 55,533 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.83% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 311
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continue in 2006 with Slovakia over Hungary's failure to complete its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary has implemented the strict Schengen border rules
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
stateless persons: 111 (2012)