Page last updated on January 31, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate national legislative elections in November 2003 touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the "Rose Revolution," new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Periodic flare-ups in tension and violence culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of undisputed Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions. Billionaire philanthropist Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary election and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government. Georgian Dream's Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI was inaugurated as president on 17 November 2013, ending a tense year of power-sharing between SAAKASHVILI and IVANISHVILI. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and Georgia's legislature on 20 November 2013 confirmed Irakli GARIBASHVILI as his replacement.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
42 00 N, 43 30 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Middle East
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 69,700 sq km
country comparison to the world: 121
land: 69,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly smaller than South Carolina
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,461 km
border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
310 km
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 5.94%
permanent crops: 1.65%
other: 92.41% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,328 sq km (2007)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
63.33 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1.81 cu km/yr (20%/22%/58%)
per capita: 410.6 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
earthquakes
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Georgian(s)
adjective: Georgian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5% (2002 census)
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Georgian (official) 71%, Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Orthodox Christian (official) 83.9%, Muslim 9.9%, Armenian-Gregorian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, other 0.8%, none 0.7% (2002 census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4,942,157 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 15.4% (male 373,539/female 327,139)
15-24 years: 14% (male 326,910/female 309,245)
25-54 years: 42.2% (male 926,172/female 994,432)
55-64 years: 12.3% (male 255,905/female 305,652)
65 years and over: 16.2% (male 293,435/female 443,482) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 47.7 %
youth dependency ratio: 26.4 %
elderly dependency ratio: 21.3 %
potential support ratio: 4.7 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 39.6 years
male: 37.1 years
female: 42.1 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.33% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 219
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 52.8% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: -0.37% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
TBILISI (capital) 1.115 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.15 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23.9 (2010 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
67 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 92
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 14.21 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 116
male: 16.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 77.51 years
country comparison to the world: 65
male: 74.17 years
female: 81.17 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 194
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
53.4%
note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2010)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.4% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 34
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.24 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3,500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
22.1% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 82
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.1% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 128
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.7% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 152
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 13.2 years (2009)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 113,106
percentage: 18 % (2005 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 33.3% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 23
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Georgia
local long form: none
local short form: Sak'art'velo
former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Tbilisi
geographic coordinates: 41 41 N, 44 50 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (k'alak'i), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)
regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli
city: Tbilisi
autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)
note: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995; amended several times, last in 2013 (2013)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil law system
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI (since 17 November 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Irakli GARIBASHVILI (since 20 November 2013)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 27 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2018)
election results: Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI elected president; percent of vote - Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI 62.1%, Davit BAKRADZE 21.7%, Nino BURJANADZE 10.2%, other 6%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral Parliament or Parlamenti (150 seats; 77 members elected by proportional representation, 73 elected in single-member constituencies; members to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 1 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 55%, United National Movement 40.3%, other 4.7%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 85, United National Movement 65
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Parliament; judges serve not less than 10-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president following candidate selection by the Justice Council of Georgia, a 12-member consultative body of high-level judges, and presidential and parliamentary appointees; judges appointed for 10-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Christian Democratic Movement [Giorgi TARGAMADZE]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
separatists in the occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Archil GEGESHIDZE (since 12 April 2013)
chancery: 2209 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 387-2390
FAX: [1] (202) 387-0864
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Richard NORLAND (since 25 July 2012)
embassy: 11 George Balanchine Street, T'bilisi 0131
mailing address: 7060 T'bilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060
telephone: [995] (32) 227-70-00
FAX: [995] (32) 253-23-10
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag; although adopted as the official Georgian flag in 2004, the five-cross design appears to date back to the 14th century
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Saint George; lion
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Tavisupleba" (Liberty)
lyrics/music: Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)
note: adopted 2004; after the Rose Revolution, a new anthem with music based on the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi" was adopted
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Georgia's main economic activities include the cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and output of a small industrial sector producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals. The country imports nearly all its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its energy needs. Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the Baku-T'bilisi-Erzerum gas pipeline, and the Kars-Akhalkalaki Railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit point for gas, oil, and other goods. Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sunk to negative 4 percent in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in 2010-12, with growth rates above 6% per year, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment has also remained high at above 15%. Georgia has historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, the government, since coming to power in 2004, has simplified the tax code, improved tax administration, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The country is pinning its hopes for renewed growth on a determined effort to continue to liberalize the economy by reducing regulation, taxes, and corruption in order to attract foreign investment, with a focus on hydropower, agriculture, tourism, and textiles production. Since 2004, the government has taken a series of actions against endemic corruption, including reform of the traffic police and implementation of a fair examination system for entering the university system. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for its anti-corruption efforts.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$26.28 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$15.62 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$5,800 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 72.2%
government consumption: 17.7%
investment in fixed capital: 24.9%
investment in inventories: 4.1%
exports of goods and services: 38.8%
imports of goods and services: -57.8%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 8.4%
industry: 23.1%
services: 68.4% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, and gold), chemicals, wood products, wine
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
13% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.959 million (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 55.6%
industry: 8.9%
services: 35.5% (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.2% (2010)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 31.3% (2008)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
46 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 35
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $4.421 billion
expenditures: $4.905 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
36.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intra-governmental debt or social funds
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.25% (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 54
note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy rate of the National Bank of Georgia
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
22.08% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.965 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$4.72 billion (31 September 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$5.518 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$795.7 million (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 108
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-1.875 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.458 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, scrap metal, gold, copper ores
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Azerbaijan 26.4%, Armenia 11%, US 9.5%, Ukraine 7%, Turkey 6%, Canada 4.4% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$7.682 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Turkey 17.8%, Azerbaijan 8.1%, Ukraine 7.6%, China 7.2%, Germany 6.9%, Russia 6% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.873 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$11.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$10.49 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.329 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
laris (GEL) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.694 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.379 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.492 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
614 million kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.538 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
37.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
62.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 176
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
979.5 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
531 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
35 million bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 81
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17,280 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 177
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18,500 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.151 million cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.97 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.96 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.495 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 84
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.868 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.276 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 67
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.699 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 116
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: fixed-line telecommunications network has limited coverage outside Tbilisi; multiple mobile-cellular providers provide services to an increasing subscribership throughout the country
domestic: cellular telephone networks cover the entire country; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 per 100 people; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi
international: country code - 995; the Georgia-Russia fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Russia; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 public broadcaster in Tbilisi, 1 state-owned broadcaster in Ajaria Autonomous Republic; 8 privately owned TV stations; state run public broadcaster operates 2 TV stations; dozens of cable TV operators, several major commercial TV stations, and several dozen private radio stations; state run public broadcaster operates 2 radio stations (2012)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.ge
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
357,864 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 59
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.3 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 90
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
22 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 135
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 18
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m:
Heliports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2 (2013)
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
gas 1,596 km; oil 1,175 km (2013)
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,612 km
country comparison to the world: 78
broad gauge: 1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 19,109 km
country comparison to the world: 113
paved: 19,109 km (includes 69 km of expressways) (2010)
Merchant marine:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 142
country comparison to the world: 40
by type: bulk carrier 13, cargo 114, chemical tanker 1, container 1, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 2
foreign-owned: 95 (Bulgaria 1, China 10, Egypt 7, Hong Kong 3, Israel 1, Italy 2, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1, Romania 7, Russia 6, Syria 24, Turkey 14, UAE 2, UK 5, Ukraine 10, US 1)
registered in other countries: 1 (unknown 1) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
major seaport(s): Black Sea - Bat'umi, P'ot'i
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Georgian Armed Forces: Land Forces (include Air and Air Defense Forces); separatist Abkhazia Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Forces; separatist South Ossetia Armed Forces
note: Georgian naval forces have been incorporated into the coast guard, which is not part of the Defense Ministry (2011)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 to 34 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,080,840
females age 16-49: 1,122,031 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 893,003
females age 16-49: 931,683 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 29,723
female: 27,242 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.88% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 55
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
IDPs: 268,415 - 280,000 (displaced in the 1990s and 2008 from Abkhazia and South Ossetia) (2012)
stateless persons: 1,156 (2012)