Page last updated on January 29, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission (EEBC) issued specific coordinates as virtually demarcating the border and pronounced its work finished. Alleging that the EEBC acted beyond its mandate in issuing the coordinates, Ethiopia has not accepted them and has not withdrawn troops from previously contested areas pronounced by the EEBC as belonging to Eritrea. In August 2012, longtime leader Prime Minister MELES Zenawi died in office and was replaced by his Deputy Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn, marking the first peaceful transition of power in decades.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8 00 N, 38 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1,104,300 sq km
country comparison to the world: 27
land: 1 million sq km
water: 104,300 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 5,328 km
border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, South Sudan 837 km, Sudan 769 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Danakil Depression -125 m
highest point: Ras Dejen 4,533 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 13.19%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 85.8% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2,896 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
122 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 5.56 cu km/yr (13%/1%/86%)
per capita: 80.5 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (elev. 613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, causing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Ethiopian(s)
adjective: Ethiopian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Oromo 34.5%, Amhara (Amara) 26.9%, Somali (Somalie) 6.2%, Tigray (Tigrigna) 6.1%, Sidama 4%, Gurage 2.5%, Welaita 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Afar (Affar) 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, other 11.3% (2007 Census)
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Oromo (official regional) 33.8%, Amharic (official) 29.3%, Somali 6.2%, Tigrayan (official regional) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Guragiegna 2%, Afar 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, other 11.7%, English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (official) (2007 census)
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
93,877,025 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 44.4% (male 20,858,061/female 20,813,460)
15-24 years: 19.9% (male 9,258,868/female 9,382,338)
25-54 years: 29.1% (male 13,576,787/female 13,704,595)
55-64 years: 3.9% (male 1,772,448/female 1,859,364)
65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,197,519/female 1,453,585) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 85.5 %
youth dependency ratio: 79.2 %
elderly dependency ratio: 6.3 %
potential support ratio: 15.8 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 17.5 years
male: 17.3 years
female: 17.6 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
38.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population
country comparison to the world: 120
note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2013 est.)
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 17% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 3.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ADDIS ABABA (capital) 2.863 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
19.6
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 32
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 58.28 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 29
male: 66.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 60 years
country comparison to the world: 193
male: 57.73 years
female: 62.35 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
28.6% (2010/11)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.7% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 148
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.1% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 191
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
29.2% (2011)
country comparison to the world: 17
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.7% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 89
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 39%
male: 49.1%
female: 28.9% (2007 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2011)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 10,693,164
percentage: 53 % (2005 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 24.9%
country comparison to the world: 40
male: 19.5%
female: 29.4% (2006)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
conventional short form: Ethiopia
local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
local short form: Ityop'iya
former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa
abbreviation: FDRE
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
federal republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Addis Ababa
geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9 ethnically based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples)
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995 (2013)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
civil law system
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President MULATU Teshome Wirtu (since 7 October 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn (since 21 September 2012); note - prior to his approval as prime minister, HAILEMARIAM had been acting prime minister due to the death of former Prime Minister MELES
cabinet: Council of Ministers ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by both chambers of Parliament for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2019); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections
election results: MULATU Teshome Wirtu elected president by acclamation
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation (or upper chamber responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues) (108 seats; members chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives (or lower chamber responsible for passing legislation) (547 seats; members directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 23 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats by party - EPRDF 499, SPDP 24, BGPDP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, HNL 1, FORUM 1, APDO 1, independent 1
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court or Supreme Imperial Court (consists of 11 judges)
judge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60
subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador GIRMA Birru (since 6 January 2011)
chancery: 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 364-1200
FAX: [1] (202) 587-0195
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Patricia Marie HASLACH (since 14 August 2013)
embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa
mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa
telephone: 130-6000
FAX: 124-2401
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia
note: Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. 1895) were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Abyssinian lion
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)
lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulu
note: adopted 1992
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for 46% of GDP and 85% of total employment. Coffee has been a major export crop. The agricultural sector suffers from poor cultivation practices and frequent drought, but recent joint efforts by the Government of Ethiopia and donors have strengthened Ethiopia's agricultural resilience, contributing to a reduction in the number of Ethiopians threatened with starvation. The banking, insurance, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted significant foreign investment in textiles, leather, commercial agriculture and manufacturing. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; land use certificates are now being issued in some areas so that tenants have more recognizable rights to continued occupancy and hence make more concerted efforts to improve their leaseholds. While GDP growth has remained high, per capita income is among the lowest in the world. Ethiopia''s economy continues on its state-led Growth and Transformation Plan under its new leadership after Prime Minister MELE's death. The five-year economic plan has achieved high single-digit growth rates through government-led infrastructure expansion and commercial agriculture development. Ethiopia in 2013 plans to continue construction of its Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile-the controversial multi-billion dollar effort to develop electricity for domestic consumption and export.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$109 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$41.94 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.5% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1,300 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 85.6%
government consumption: 8.2%
investment in fixed capital: 26.8%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 12.7%
imports of goods and services: -33.3%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 46.2%
industry: 10.6%
services: 43.2% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, khat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
44.02 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 85%
industry: 5%
services: 10% (2009 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
29.2% (FY09/10 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 25.6% (2005)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
30 (2000)
country comparison to the world: 116
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $6.388 billion
expenditures: $7.54 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-2.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
39.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
note: official data cover central government debt, including debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury and treasury debt owned by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8 July - 7 July
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
22.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 219
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$9.107 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$13.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$16.09 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-2.031 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.039 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
coffee, khat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 13%, Germany 10.8%, US 8%, Belgium 7.7%, Saudi Arabia 7.6% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$10.25 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 13.1%, US 11%, Saudi Arabia 8.4%, India 5.4% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$3.272 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$10.03 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
birr (ETB) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.929 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.451 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.061 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
89.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.4% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
100 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
430,000 bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 99
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
49,080 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
42,500 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 73
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.703 million Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
797,500 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 86
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20.524 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 47
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: inadequate telephone system with the Ethio Telecom maintaining a monopoly over telecommunication services; open-wire, microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service
domestic: the number of fixed lines and mobile telephones is increasing from a small base; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 15 per 100 persons
international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 public TV station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.et
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
179 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 203
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
447,300 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 119
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
57 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 84
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 17
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 40
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m:
Railways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
country comparison to the world: 102
narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge
note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 44,359 km
country comparison to the world: 79
paved: 6,064 km
unpaved: 38,295 km (2007)
Merchant marine:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8
country comparison to the world: 121
by type: cargo 8 (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 19,067,499
females age 16-49: 19,726,816 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 11,868,084
females age 16-49: 12,889,260 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 967,411
female: 981,714 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.91% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 292
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 244,613 (Somalia); 93,465 (South Sudan); 84,271 (Eritrea); 33,841 (Sudan) (2014)
IDPs: 200,000-300,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnic clashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgency in Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2008)