Page last updated on January 28, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the insurgents. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Central Africa, south of Libya
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15 00 N, 19 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1.284 million sq km
country comparison to the world: 21
land: 1,259,200 sq km
water: 24,800 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly more than three times the size of California
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 5,968 km
border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
tropical in south, desert in north
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Djourab 160 m
highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 3.82%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 96.16% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
302.7 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
43 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 0.88 cu km/yr (12%/12%/76%)
per capita: 84.81 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11,193,452 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 45.2% (male 2,565,613/female 2,494,020)
15-24 years: 20.4% (male 1,107,121/female 1,178,946)
25-54 years: 27.6% (male 1,393,498/female 1,693,233)
55-64 years: 3.9% (male 188,558/female 242,559)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 137,590/female 192,314) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 103.3 %
youth dependency ratio: 98.4 %
elderly dependency ratio: 4.9 %
potential support ratio: 20.4 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 17 years
male: 15.9 years
female: 18.1 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.95% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
37.99 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.85 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 21.8% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
N'DJAMENA (capital) 1.079 million (2011)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.82 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.78 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18.2 (2004 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 2
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 91.94 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 6
male: 97.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 49.07 years
country comparison to the world: 223
male: 47.95 years
female: 50.22 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.8 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.8% (2010)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.3% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 158
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.43 beds/1,000 population (2005)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
210,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.7% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 177
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
33.9% (2004)
country comparison to the world: 9
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.9% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 146
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic
total population: 35.4%
male: 45.6%
female: 25.4% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 8 years
male: 10 years
female: 6 years (2011)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 1,475,960
percentage: 48 % (2010 est.)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Republic of Chad
conventional short form: Chad
local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad
local short form: Tchad/Tshad
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: N'Djamena
geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
23 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi-Est, Ennedi-Quest, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest passed by referendum 31 March 1996, entered into force 8 April 1996; amended 2005 (2010)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mixed legal system of civil and customary law
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)
head of government: Prime Minister Kalzeube Pahimi DEUBET (since 21 November 2013)
cabinet: Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji MADOU 7.8%
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held on 13 February 2011 (next to be held by 2015); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ART 133, UNDR 11, others 44
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 15 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges term NA
subordinate courts: High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART, an alliance among the ruling MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
rebel groups
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Maitine DJOUMBE (since 12 July 2012)
chancery: 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009
FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador James KNIGHT (since 13 March 2013)
embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena
mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena
telephone: [235] 2251-70-09
FAX: [235] 2251-56-54
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice
note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
goat (north); lion (south)
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian)
lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD
note: adopted 1960
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Economic conditions have been positive in recent years, with real GDP growth reaching 13% in 2010 because of high international prices for oil and a strong local harvest. GDP growth for 2012 was 5%. However, Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. The government of Chad is determined to improve agricultural production through modernization and mechanization over the next three years, and hosted a national Rural Development Forum in 2012 to promote investment in agriculture. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. Remittances are also an important source of income. The Libyan conflict disrupted inflows of remittances to Chad's impoverished western region that relies on income from Chadians living in Libya. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1.5 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and have completed a 311-km pipeline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$26.58 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$12.73 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2,500 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
45.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 66.5%
government consumption: 11.9%
investment in fixed capital: 31.9%
investment in inventories: 0.7%
exports of goods and services: 41%
imports of goods and services: -52.1%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 47.9%
industry: 9.4%
services: 42.6% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.293 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 88
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 80% (2006 est.)
industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
80% (2001 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 30.8% (2003)
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $2.748 billion
expenditures: $2.979 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-1.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
31.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.25% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 77
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.442 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.642 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$550.7 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-378.9 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$4.126 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
US 81.9%, China 6.7% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.672 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 152
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
China 20.2%, Cameroon 18.2%, France 16.1%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, US 4.2% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.174 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$1.794 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
98 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
91.14 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
31,000 kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
100% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
104,500 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
125,700 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 38
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,817 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,754 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
999.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 es)
country comparison to the world: 27
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
289,800 Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
29,900 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 176
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.2 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 119
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density
domestic: fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons
international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.td
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 229
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
168,100 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 145
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
59 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 82
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 9
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 50
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 22
under 914 m:
Pipelines:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
oil 582 km (2013)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 40,000 km
country comparison to the world: 87
note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
(Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 2,090,244
females age 16-49: 2,441,321 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,183,242
females age 16-49: 1,395,811 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 128,723
female: 128,244 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 111
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 346,000 (Sudan); 78,950 (Central African Republic) (2013)
IDPs: 90,000 (majority are in the east) (2012)