Page last updated on January 30, 2014

Introduction:
Background:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges.
Geography:
Location:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geographic coordinates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3 30 S, 30 00 E
Map references:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Africa
Area:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 27,830 sq km
country comparison to the world: 147
land: 25,680 sq km
water: 2,150 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 974 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Coastline:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)
Terrain:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Elevation extremes:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m
highest point: Heha 2,670 m
Natural resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
Land use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
arable land: 33.06%
permanent crops: 14.37%
other: 52.57% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
214.3 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
12.54 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 0.29 cu km/yr (15%/5%/79%)
per capita: 43.27 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
flooding; landslides; drought
Environment - current issues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
People and Society:
Nationality:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundian
Ethnic groups:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Languages:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Religions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Christian 82.8% (Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 21.4%), Muslim 2.5%, Adventist 2.3%, other 6.5%, unknown 5.9% (2008 census)
Population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
10,060,714 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Age structure:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0-14 years: 45.6% (male 2,497,999/female 2,469,564)
15-24 years: 19.7% (male 1,071,135/female 1,074,763)
25-54 years: 28.4% (male 1,533,191/female 1,559,661)
55-64 years: 3.8% (male 186,706/female 225,467)
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 108,243/female 161,592) (2013 est.)
population pyramid: "> Dependency ratios:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total dependency ratio: 88.6 %
youth dependency ratio: 84 %
elderly dependency ratio: 4.5 %
potential support ratio: 22 (2013)
Median age:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 16.9 years
male: 16.6 years
female: 17.2 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.08% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
Birth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
40.04 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
Death rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Net migration rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
Urbanization:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
urban population: 10.9% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 4.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
BUJUMBURA (capital) 605,000 (2011)
Sex ratio:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.82 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.3
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
800 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 6
Infant mortality rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 58.86 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 26
male: 63.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 54.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total population: 59.69 years
country comparison to the world: 194
male: 57.92 years
female: 61.5 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
5.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
21.9% (2010/11)
Health expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
8.7% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 50
Physicians density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2004)
Hospital bed density:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
3.3% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
180,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
15,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
Major infectious diseases:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.9% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 176
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
35.2% (2005)
country comparison to the world: 7
Education expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
6.1% of GDP (2011)
country comparison to the world: 36
Literacy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 67.2%
male: 72.9%
female: 61.8% (2010 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 11 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2010)
Child labor - children ages 5-14:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total number: 433,187
percentage: 19 % (2005 est.)
Government:
Country name:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi
Government type:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
republic
Capital:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: Bujumbura
geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Independence:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
National holiday:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Constitution:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
several previous; latest ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005 (2012)
Legal system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law
International law organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Bernard BUSOKOZA - Tutsi (since 13 October 2013); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Bernard BUSOKOZA - Tutsi (since 13 October 2013); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
elections: the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 June 2010 (next to be held in 2015); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament
election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA elected president by popular vote; Pierre NKURUNZIZA 91.6%, other 8.4%; note - opposition parties withdrew from the election due to alleged government interference in the electoral process
Legislative branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TBD; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, others 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3
Judicial branch:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into Judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers)
judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials); judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence
Political parties and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
governing parties:
note: a multiparty system introduced in 1998 includes:
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization)
other: Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)
International organization participation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Angele NIYUHIRE (since 18 September 2009)
chancery: Suite 408, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574
FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
chief of mission: Ambassador Dawn M. LIBERI (since 10 July 2012)
embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura
mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura
telephone: [257] 22-207-000
FAX: [257] 22-222-926
Flag description:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress
National symbol(s):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lion
National anthem:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
name: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi)
lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO
note: adopted 1962
Economy:
Economy - overview:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 30% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Less than 2% of the population has electricity in its homes. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-12. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi''s national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost Burundi's regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever changing rules.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$5.43 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$2.439 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$600 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 225
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Gross national saving:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-0.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
GDP - composition, by end use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
household consumption: 88.9%
government consumption: 24.9%
investment in fixed capital: 22.1%
investment in inventories: -5.5%
exports of goods and services: 9%
imports of goods and services: -39.3%
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 34.7%
industry: 18.3%
services: 47% (2012 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc); beef, milk, hides
Industries:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap, and beer; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Industrial production growth rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
Labor force:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
4.245 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 90
Labor force - by occupation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
agriculture: 93.6%
industry: 2.3%
services: 4.1% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
NA%
Population below poverty line:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
68% (2002 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 28% (2006)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
42.4 (1998)
country comparison to the world: 50
Budget:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
revenues: $788.1 million
expenditures: $880.3 million (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
32.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
-3.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
Public debt:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
50.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
Fiscal year:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215
Central bank discount rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
11.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
14.32% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
Stock of narrow money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$332.5 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
Stock of broad money:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$519 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 176
Stock of domestic credit:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$572.2 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$NA
Current account balance:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$-432.1 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
Exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$134.7 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
Exports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Switzerland 23.9%, UK 12.9%, Belgium 7.4%, Pakistan 7.4%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7.4%, Uganda 5.6%, Germany 5.2%, China 4.9%, Egypt 4.7% (2012)
Imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$886.2 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Imports - commodities:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Saudi Arabia 11.3%, Belgium 10.1%, China 9.1%, India 7.9%, Tanzania 6.5%, Kenya 6%, Uganda 5.7%, Zambia 4.6%, US 4.1% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$308.8 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
Debt - external:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
$641.9 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Exchange rates:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar -
Energy:
Electricity - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
152 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
Electricity - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
221.4 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
Electricity - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
Electricity - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
80 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
52,000 kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 202
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
98.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Crude oil - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
Crude oil - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
Crude oil - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 111
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2,290 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1,429 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
Natural gas - production:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Natural gas - consumption:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
Natural gas - exports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
Natural gas - imports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
0 cu m (1 January 2013 es)
country comparison to the world: 119
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
204,700 Mt (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
Communications:
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
17,400 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 193
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.247 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 140
Telephone system:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
general assessment: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays
domestic: telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons
international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)
Internet country code:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
.bi
Internet hosts:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
229 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 198
Internet users:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
157,800 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 147
Transportation:
Airports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
7 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 165
Airports - with paved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m:
Heliports:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
1 (2012)
Roadways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
total: 12,322 km
country comparison to the world: 127
paved: 1,286 km
unpaved: 11,036 km (2004)
Waterways:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) (2011)
Ports and terminals:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
lake port(s): Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)
Military:
Military branches:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 2,182,327
females age 16-49: 2,202,125 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
males age 16-49: 1,398,769
females age 16-49: 1,481,417 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
male: 117,956
female: 116,956 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
2.39% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 101
Transnational Issues:
Disputes - international:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field Background: For all countries in alphabetical order
refugees (country of origin): 41,349 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)
IDPs: 78,800 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2012)
stateless persons: 1,302 (2012)